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February 24th, 2019

2/24/2019

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Continuing with the theme of last week, I again this year bring you stories related to Black History Month. Mention was given to some of those written about in the past in this space. Names like black Medal of Honor recipients Joseph Noil, Joachim Pease  and Robert Sweeney. I reminded you that much more than what was in the latest blog is available at this site by simply using the search engine at above right on this page.

Feedback tells me some of you have now done so. More should do so because in earlier blogs I often go into considerable detail about the Medal of Honor recipient, or others written about, and feel you should see  the expanded stories as well as the latest snippets. Often these contain tidbits not readily available elsewhere.

Any serious writings about the Black soldiers and sailors and heroism is often  incomplete and could be viewed as a  disservice. I say this because far too often what is left out is the ugly head of racism. A scourge on mankind dating back centuries, not just in Canada and the US and England but elsewhere as well.

I am little qualified to take on the task of articulating this issue. Others hopefully will be ever watchful of these matters. But I have seen it regularly in the research being done regarding our military heroes,

But today's is a lead up...  

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   As you can see, Timothy O'Hea (above) was not a Black man. Nor was he racist that we know of. But let's look at some other facts.

He was a soldier assigned to Canada from England. He was with a Sergeant and a handful of others who were to ride with a train  west bound and traveling through the eastern townships of Quebec when he discovered the train almost on fire. It was attached to a passenger train. It also was concealing the transport of some 2000 rounds of ammunition, back in 1866, along with about 95 barrels of gunpowder en-route to the Lake Erie area to support the soldiers fearing impending Fenian attacks.

Also on board the same train  were some 800 Doukhobor Immigrants heading  to Western Canada.

The train  was about to catch fire... and while the soldiers abandoned their posts for protection the lone O'Hea made 19 trips to gather a pail-full of water to throw on the smouldering mess.  It did not explode and the immigrants were saved.


Each was LOCKED in carriage cars at the time. This was to prevent them leaving the train before arriving out west. 

Racism at best!

Ohea's deed earned him a Victoria Cross, the only one in  the history of the VC to be awarded for action on soil from what would, a year later become known as CANADA. Canadian. (Though others were presented within what was later Canada as well.)  

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    We now jump forward from 1866 to 1946 and travel eastbound from Quebec to Nova Scotia. You  will hopefully recall the story I brought a few weeks back about Viola Desmond and the new Canadian $10 bills recently issued  for circulation.

Above we see the new  bill front at right, and reverse at left that features her image. The bill is the first in Canada ever to have the major feature inverted to a standing position and requiring the bill to be turned on its end for proper viewing. It is also the first with a non-royal woman, and for a black Canadian. It of course has her in a standing position as she stood up... for her rights!

It all started with her being refused to be allowed to remain in a main floor movie house seating, back in 1946,  whilst all black people were "required" to seat in an upper balcony.

The issues raised by her, would be similar to the bus boycott after the conviction in 1955 of  Alabama's famous Rosa Parks' case where the black woman refused to give up seating so that a white passenger could sit. A case that is well known across North America and happening nine years after the Canadian case.

But like the Eveready Battery, the Canadian Mint keeps on giving!     

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A few weeks ago the Mint and Canadian government revealed a new 99.999 silver 20$ collector coin that also depicts Viola Desmond on it. As you can see above, it has a duplicate of her actual signature, and the double date of 1919 and 1965 for her years of birth and passing. The coin set will come complete with an actual ten dollar  bill as shown above and a certificate of authenticity and will be made available in July, her month of birth.

Purchasing details are on the net and those interested should remember that there is a limited production run so order early.

 I will be away on the 10th so the next blog will be on the 17th.   Hope to see you then.

Bart

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Some old and some new, for Black History Month

2/18/2019

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For the 6th year in a row I have brought you some news about Black History Month, now celebrated in the US, England and Canada. Back in  the early 1920's  the celebration of blacks, and remembrance of what they gave for their countries first started out with just a week of celebrations in the US.

It was then known as Negro History Week, and included the

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1809 birth date of President Abraham Lincoln on 12 February (at left) and the 1818 birth date of Frederick Douglass in 14 February. The later being a former slave and prominent leader of the abolitionist movement of the era.

The week of recognition has over recent decades turned into a month of celebrating. Soon it could be a daily event, as it is so very much needed. I invite you to visit Canadian Senator Don Oliver's comments on how little we have really advanced regarding prejudice and racism. These can be read at..  http://theath.ca/opinions/senator-donald-oliver-60-we-still-need-a-black-history-month/

The senator played a role in creating the month, many years ago. He is Canada's first ever Black senator, and still so serves with incredible distinction.

More in line with the theme  of these blogs, a fellow in the US once said that.. "The price of freedom has always been high, but we as Americans have always paid this. This is especially true  of America's Black Navy Men." 

The speaker was John Fitzgerald Kennedy!

Over about the last 2 decades I have been researching the Canadians and those with close connection to Canada that became military heroes. Men who were awarded the United State's Medal of Honor for bravery. They served in not only the navy, and marines and coast guard but also all sectors of the army and air force. My numbers of recipients have more than doubled what most on the net would have you believe. Well over 400 stories have appeared on these pages. Several dozen others stories have covered Victoria Cross recipients and related matters.    

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In the 1960's a series of recruitment posters were created for the US Navy. Above is one depicting the Pease story. Internet reference materials tell us that there were three black Canadian Medal of Honor recipients... Joachim Pease, Robert Sweeney and Joseph Noil... all being navy men. All worthy of attention during this and every Black History Month.

Pease was thought to have come from Fogo Island in Newfoundland, or Long Island New York  but this has been  challenged and his home was probably in Cape Verde.   Nevertheless, some thinking he was from Canada, I originally listed him as one recipient of interest to this space.

Pease was working one of the main guns on the deck of the USS Kersarge off the coast of Cherbourge France in June 1864 when it came into contact, after over a year's searching...with the dreaded Southerner's CSS Alabama. A battle broke out and the Alabama surrendered. Pease's gun being so accurate, the enemy actually put a price on his head. His commander recommended the MOH and described him as being one of his best men.

The battle was one of the most famous, and also most interesting of the Civil War and can be searched on this site.

In the 1960's the US Government created some navy recruiting posters, Above is one depicting the Pease story, Below is one covering the Noil story. Pease's actual medal of honor is shown above as well. It gives his name, the battle, location and date of battle.   

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Many blogs and updates have appeared here on the Joseph Noil story. After serving 17 years in the navy he died at a naval hospital outside of the DC  area and was buried  under the wrong name for over 130 years  and without any details of his being a MOH recipient for life saving. Years ago the grave was finally found and after some 8 years of work a new marker was unveiled in a most formal ceremony.

As you can see from the old unreadable marker, (above, at left) there is quite a difference now in the story the viewer gets as he or she visits the site.

At this time he is believed to be the lone Canadian Black MOH recipient. He was born in Nova Scotia, possibly at Liverpool.  Search this site for more details. There were about 90 Black Medals of Honor awarded. Noil's was number 6.

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Robert Sweeney, shown above, was not one MOH recipient, but in fact two, both for saving lives of crew-mates who fell over board, one in 1881 and another in 1883. He is credited as being one of the 19 double recipients on record. Trouble is there were not 19.. but 21, details of which are elsewhere on this site.

In the above image, he appears to be wearing either one of his Medals of honor or the Grand Army membership badge. The image quaility is too poor to be sure.

Many reference sources tell us that he was from Montreal or Boston but in fact he was not a Canadian and is believed to have come from Montserrat.

Again his story is told elsewhere on the site. But all three are most interesting and should be revisited during Black History Month.

More in a special blog on Wednesday or Thursday.
Bart

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Surely after 129 years, Part ll

2/3/2019

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Last week's blog told of  a new  Medal of Honor museum coming to the state of Tennessee. Part of its exhibit will focus on those MOH recipients who of course came from that state.

Pictures of these heroes on the site, include one they and so many others on the net claim is George. But all have it wrong. Same for most who get his age, place of birth and in fact even his name wrong. And we can blame George for most of this!

George first joined the US army, on 4 August 1868 by enlisting with D Company of the 15th US Infantry at Memphis. Thus their claim to state MOH status. The paperwork claimed that he was 26 years old and born in  Pulsaki County Illinois.

How and when he arrived in the US remains a mystery. However research has shown that George was not 26 but 29 when enlisted. While his actual date of birth remains a mystery also, he was christened on either 1 or 4 August 1839 in the Parish of Boughton Aluph, Kent, England. And his birth name was Stephen...not George. There were 9 children in the family. The youngest was brother George, the name Stephen chose when enlisting or perhaps on arrival, in North America.

It seems that as a youth he was involved in a serious aggravated assault on another, charged and fined. Suggestions have it that he fled the country and came to the US, perhaps to avoid the scandal, or the fine. The changed name would make it difficult for the family to find him, and prevent the military rejecting him as unfit for service.  

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George's trek of some 300  miles south east from Pulaski and the joining of the military would see the start of probably thousands of miles of horseback riding in uniform for close to 20 years, He'd serve with the 25th as above noted, then the 14th Infantry,  the 7th US Cavalry, 23rd Infantry, back to the 7th, and finally with the St Louis Powder Depo  at Jefferson Barracks in Missouri.

This service was not continuous, as he took several breathers between some of the enlistments, taking on other jobs but eventually again returning to the uniform.

Over much of this time George would find himself in the thick of skirmishes with the native Americans. The white's would keep pushing the natives away from areas they wanted to inhabitate and the Natives were losing the fight for serviceable lands for  their way of life. Atrocities would take place small and large and often caused by either or both sides much of the time.  


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It would be close to the the Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota where the actions of George and about 19 other US Soldiers later resulted in receiving Medals of Honor.

The events have both sides blaming the other  for the slaughter that became famous as the Wounded Knee Massacre by the natives and the less alarming Pine Ridge Campaign (describing the larger campaign) for the 7th US Cavalry.

While the natives were performing their Ghost Dances the whites were getting ever more concerned that the dance was about to lead into to full scale battle, and thus the 7th  were sent in with overwhelming numbers of troopers and 4 Hotchkiss guns, to "settle" the natives down and get into their camp to disarm them, though few were apparently armed.

On 29 December 1890, while several versions of the story exist, the first shot of a rifle went out. Others very soon followed by both sides. It would not be long before it was all over. But by then between 250 and  300 native men women and children lay dead on the ground, as did some 25 soldiers. To these can be added about 80 other Natives and Cavalrymen who were wounded. Reports claim that most of the natives were unarmed.

Later investigations lambasted the army leadership on site and later calls for rescinding medals of Honor have not resulted in same. Various arguments introduced were interesting as none seemed to be  of consideration during the famous days on the 1916 purge of the 27th Maine medals and a few others, noted often in this space.

RULES FOR SOME, SOME OF THE TIME l GUESS!

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This sketch shows the tents of the natives and the cavalry surrounding them. Note that A  is at center of map and facing to the right as you look at it, and B is at the bottom facing up. George was in A  and another fellow by the name of Marvin Hillock was in B. There are thoughts that Marvin Hillock, a Pte,   may have some Canadian connections but more work need to be done on this.

Regardless, you can easily see that because of the ridiculous positioning of the soldiers, during the battle they were all firing inbound.. possibly hitting some of their own men.

Six months later, on 23 June 1891 George was awarded a Medal of Honor with the citation... Conspiculous and gallant conduct in battle.

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This is his very medal, though the complete citation has been reduced due to space to simply say it is for bravery at Wounded Knee.  Note also it is in its very own presentation box. Most medals have long since been separated from these treasured boxes. Note also that for the very first time you see his last name...Hobday.

Within 6 months he would be dead, having succumbed to double pneumonia while stationed to   to the Jefferson Barracks in Montana and is today at rest in their cemetery. 

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In apparent attempt to keep in tradition with this case, it seems  the creators of this marker not only  misspelled the surname of HOBDAY by using HOLDAY, but they also give no indication that this man was a Medal of Honor recipient.

Our group, the Medal of Honor Historically Society of the US discovered this back on 2004 and took steps to correct it.

Here is the new marker...

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And finally, the picture at above left and right are widely circulated on the net and identified as being of George Hobday.

This in incorrect. The fellow appears to be far to young, but  stronger still, is the fact that he is very much alive whilst wearing the Medal of Honor from Civil War days... AND the replacement medal not created until the early 1900's and over a dozen years AFTER HE HAD DIED.

Go figure!

After George's death, his medal was sent to his father back in England. When the father died it was sent to Canada where the real George was then living. Upon his death the medal went to George's daughter. It is thought the medal found a home in Ontario possibly, then Alberta and farther west later still and may have been in the country for decades before being sent off by unknown persons back to London and auctioned off in 2014.

I'll be back in TWO weeks.

cheers,
Bart

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    Author;
    Bart Armstrong, C.D.,
    Recipient, Sovereign's Medal for Volunteers 

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